"We have a forest here that never, in evolutionary time, was it ever like this beforeā¦"
When the people came here in the 1870s and they brought sheep and cattle—and I'm not talking like thousands, I'm talking like millions—they took out all the grass, which grass was the fire carrier. They took out all the grass, and then that reduced the competition that the trees had. They could now grow up in the meadows where the fires used to burn up. They now grew up, and we have a forest here that never, in evolutionary time, was it ever like this before. And we've created that, unintentionally, in the last 125 years. Fire now, instead of helping the ecosystem along, it's now a threat to everything in the ecosystem, including us.